This course examines the structure, function, and evolution of financial markets and financial institutions, with an emphasis on how capital is raised, allocated, traded, and regulated in modern economies. Students will study major financial markets, including money, bond, mortgage, equity, and derivatives markets, as well as the institutions that operate within them, such as commercial banks, investment firms, mutual funds, and pension funds. This course provides a foundation for upper-level finance coursework and prepares students for professional certifications.